Ethical Policies

The journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethics, academic integrity, and editorial quality throughout all stages of the publication process. These policies apply to authors, reviewers, editors, and all parties involved in the editorial process.

All manuscripts are evaluated through a double-blind peer-review process, in which the identities of both authors and reviewers remain confidential throughout the evaluation process. The journal promotes fairness, transparency, scientific integrity, and adherence to internationally recognized standards of scholarly publishing.

Duties of Editors

Publication Decisions

Editors are responsible for deciding which submitted manuscripts should be published. Editorial decisions are based exclusively on the academic quality, originality, relevance, methodological rigor, and scientific contribution of the manuscripts, as well as the journal’s editorial policies and applicable legal requirements regarding copyright, plagiarism, and intellectual property.

Fairness and Impartiality

Manuscripts shall be evaluated solely on their academic merit, without discrimination based on gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, ethnicity, nationality, institutional affiliation, religious beliefs, or political views of the authors.

Confidentiality

Editors and editorial staff shall treat all information related to submitted manuscripts as strictly confidential. Such information may only be shared with authors, reviewers, members of the editorial board, or individuals directly involved in the editorial process.

Conflicts of Interest

Editors shall recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have personal, professional, institutional, academic, or financial conflicts of interest. Editors shall not use unpublished information obtained through the editorial process for personal gain or for the benefit of third parties.

Handling of Complaints and Investigations

Editors shall respond promptly and appropriately to allegations of ethical misconduct, including plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, citation manipulation, redundant publication, or authorship disputes. When necessary, investigations will be conducted in accordance with internationally accepted ethical principles and may result in manuscript rejection, publication of corrections, retractions, or notification of relevant institutions.

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer review is an essential component of ensuring the scientific quality of the journal. Reviewers contribute both to editorial decision-making and to improving manuscripts through constructive and evidence-based feedback.

Competence and Timeliness

Reviewers should promptly inform the editor if they lack the expertise required to evaluate a manuscript or if they are unable to complete the review within the established timeframe.

Confidentiality

Manuscripts received for review shall be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shared, reproduced, or discussed with third parties without the editor’s explicit authorization.

Objectivity and Scientific Rigor

Reviews shall be conducted objectively, impartially, and based on scholarly arguments. Reviewers should assess the originality, relevance, methodological quality, validity of results, clarity of presentation, and scientific contribution of the manuscript.

Acknowledgment of Sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors and notify the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under review and other publications of which they are aware.

Conflicts of Interest

Reviewers shall decline to review manuscripts when personal, professional, academic, institutional, or financial conflicts of interest could compromise their objectivity. Information obtained through the review process must not be used for personal advantage or the benefit of others.

Duties of Authors

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts are original works. Any use of ideas, data, images, text, or results from third parties must be properly cited. Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, misappropriation of research results, and any other form of academic misconduct constitute serious ethical violations and are unacceptable.

Accuracy and Transparency of Research Results

Authors shall provide an accurate and objective account of the research conducted and an honest interpretation of the results. Fabrication, falsification, or deliberate manipulation of data constitutes unacceptable conduct.

Data Availability and Reproducibility

Authors are encouraged to retain the original research data and make them available whenever possible, subject to applicable legal, ethical, and confidentiality restrictions. Manuscripts should provide sufficient information to facilitate the reproducibility of reported findings.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Authors shall not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal or publish substantially similar work in multiple venues without appropriate justification and editorial transparency.

Acknowledgment of Sources

Authors must properly acknowledge all publications and contributions that have influenced the reported research. Information obtained through private communications or confidential processes may only be used with the explicit written permission of the original source.

Authorship

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the research. All individuals who have made substantial contributions should be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Authors must disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence tools employed in the preparation of the manuscript. Artificial intelligence systems may not be listed as authors, as they cannot assume responsibility for the published content. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of their manuscripts.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, academic, or personal conflicts of interest that could influence the interpretation or presentation of the research findings. All sources of financial support related to the research must also be disclosed.

Corrections and Retractions

When authors discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, they are obligated to promptly notify the editor and cooperate in the publication of a correction, clarification, or retraction when necessary.

Duties of the Publisher

The publisher is committed to preserving editorial independence and ensuring that commercial activities, advertising, sponsorships, or revenue sources do not influence editorial decisions.

The publisher also supports all actions necessary to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record, including the publication of corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions when warranted by the available evidence.

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

The journal may publish corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when significant errors, ethical misconduct, or issues affecting the reliability of published findings are identified. Such actions are intended to preserve the integrity, transparency, and trustworthiness of the scholarly record.