Corrections and Retractions Policy

The journal is committed to preserving the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

When significant errors are identified in a published article, the journal may publish a correction notice describing the changes made.

When concerns arise regarding the validity, reliability, ethical conduct, or integrity of a publication, the journal may issue:

• Corrections;
• Expressions of Concern;
• Retractions;
• Editorial Notes.

Retractions may be issued in cases involving research misconduct, major errors, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research practices, or unreliable findings.

All correction and retraction notices will remain permanently linked to the original publication and will clearly identify the reasons for the editorial action.

The journal seeks to ensure transparency while maintaining fairness and due process for all parties involved.